Comb making device



Dec. 26, 1933. c. ToBz-:R

COMB MAKING DEVICE Filed March 8, 1932. 8 Sheets-Sheet l 'Ill/1111111111;

Deu 2s, 1933.

00MB MAKING DEVICE Filed March 8, 1932 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 r mmm/ff c. TOBER 1,941,062 I 26, 1933. TQBER 1,941,062

COME MAKING DEVICE Filed March 8, 1932 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 LJ L J: 58 67 f6'7 F fz F4970 Fg 7 Vpv n f6 /62 g y@ Wi ,.30

wl Hg. d/5% ai Dec. 26, 1933. c. 'roBEr-e4 i 1,941,062

coMB MAKING DEVICE Dec. 26, 1933. l c, TOBER 1,941,062

COME MAKING DEVICE Filed March 8, 1952 8 sheets-sheet 5 fig. 16

dm/Tammy Dec. 26, 1933. C. TOBER 1,941,062 y COMB MAKING DEVICE Filed March 8, 1932 8 sheets-sheet 6 Dec. 26, 1933. c. ToBl-:R 1,941,062

COMB MAKING DEVICE I Filed March 8, 1932 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 y 4, #7mm/fr Dec. 26, 1933. C. TOBER 1,941,062

COMB MAKING DEVICE Filed March 8, 1952 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 vwhich may for instance Patented Dee-26, 1933 sais i rares fears-NT *cerros 1,941,662 y Y 00MB MAnrNcnEvicE- Carl Tober, Berlin-Karlshorst, Germany f Appiieatien Maren s,- 1932,S seifiaiNq.' 597,521,

and in Germany September 9, 1931 claims.

Vcombs or of groups thereof simultaneously or in one operation and in connection therewith it is a further object of the invention to produce combs in which the teeth and the width of the gaps vbetween them are very uniform, which heretofore has constituted a verydiflicult problem. These and other objects of the invention are accomplished by disposing the crude working blocks or plates from which the combs vwith their teeth are to be manufactured between substantially adapted to be moved relative to each other so as'to retain the piece of work in position and grate-likev guiding means between which the cutting blades or the like are guided during the cutting operation. The means employed for this purpose are preferably aggregate cutting devices be constituted by a plurality'of band-like or circular serrated cutting means or punching knives serially arranged side by side of each other. The kind of tools employed in the particular case is generally governed by the nature ofthe `material to be operated upon andthe shape of the blocks-or pieces of work under treatment.

terial, such as hard rubber for instance, which oifers a great resistance to the cutting means,`

it is preferable to employ band-like orY circular blades, while the piece of work may, if desired,

be provided with grooves or utings to facili-,.

tate the operation, but it Ashould be understood that the operation does not depend upon such preliminary treatment. Punching or stamping knives may be employed and of material that-is easilycut as for instance various kinds of artificial raw material and also in case of such pieces of work with preliminarily impressed grooves or gaps in which it is only necessary to sever a relatively thin web which has remained between the teeth in the pressing operation. rThe cutting ktools employed vare adapted to produce straight aswell as bevclled gaps. 'The band-like cutting blades and punching or stamping blades are preferably construct- In the case of maf in the case of thin combs -pliiicationsA A' ed so as' to'- enisn mecuaing per-ation by sim gle l'working''st'ifoke' and 'they arep'refera'bly farrariged somewhat in themanrierfof grooves-produ'cing'bars orne'edles or similar instriimertali-l ties, and'in a modification of the invention they `-50 may` beso arranged and constructed as Lto `be suitable for themanufactureof'undulatory -gaps .and teeth. 'In a' preferred embodiment 'ofthe 'invention lamellat'ed YguidesA may ble'einployed' for Y the 'cutting blades and these guides 'niayalrso 65 s'lerve'forv the positioningand' supporting and,

whenever desired, for the' depression of 'the working piece.

' In further .pursuance of this"iiivention means are provided vof operatingon'coinbsfwith pre- 70 liminarily impressed fte'eth in which the knives are guided by` the guiding means or "the like in exact al'in'ementfwith the previously produced grooves"ordepressions This Objectis accomplished in acconia'ncey with thefinverit'ion by .75 the fact that the lamellated guides arefarra'riged to be laterally movable or engageable `with`yield ing elastic 0'1" resilient meansthe said lamellated guidesbeing' preferably provided with indented portions for the previously 'impressed teeth ."'at VA80' their-.side confronting the piece" ofvwork.. VABy forcing these guides against ythe piece rof 'work' or by moving thelattervvith relation t'othe guides the saidfla'mellar guides will lbe caused to vvpar- `tia1ly grip ori 'encompass the "previously 4im- IS5 pressed teeth of .the ,comb andwilfthen -yi'eld and extend and will guidethe'cuttingblades which are likewiseglaterally; movable cli-yield- Vable, vso as `to occupy the exact-positions of the previously impressed grooves of thefcomb. `90 Y The lamella-cr-leave's'A of the' yguiding-means constitute a kin'd' of grate which like the cutting bladefguided thereloyare' disposedbetween'adjustable stops by the displacement of which=the spacing of the cutting bladesor of the zguides maybe accurately adjusted. fromthe first to the last" gap.

vWhile in this vspecification and in the appended .claims for explanatory purposes 'the ,cutting means vmay be' referred'to as cuttinglk'nivesor blades, it should be understood that suchf terms should .be-'interpreted generically,` 'so ias' to r'c'omprise the substantially band-shaped, circular Aor stam'pingly yoperatingfor punching, mil-ling; sawing, or similarly acting tools 'already referred'to. Theinventionwill be-more fully described by reference to several preferred kinds of embodiments shown inthe accompanying drawings without however restricting the invention tothese exem- In the drawings: Fig. 1 is an exemplication with parts in section of one embodiment used in connection with band-shaped cutting means. Fig. 2 is a section on the line T-U of Fig. 1.-Fig 3 is a plan View of the lower frame for the lamellated guides with the depressing means removed-Fig. 4 is an enlarged section on the line V-W of Fig. 1.-Fig. 5 is the fastening frame for the lamellar guiding means on an enlarged scale, this iigure also embodying several other eX- emplications of parts of the invention. Fig. 5a is an elevation in part in accordance with the illustration of Fig. 5 showing a modication of the spacing means-Fig. 6 is an elevation with parts in section of a modified construction of the invention-Figs. (ia- 6d are sections through a knife blade according to Fig. 6.-In Fig. 7 is shown an elevation of the machine in part section and supplementing the representation of Fig. 6.-Fig. '7m is a plan View of the upper knife holden-Fig. 8 shows a'comb manufactured according to this invention-Fig. 9 is a plan View of a supporting grate with guiding lamell and knives, the latter being shown in section-Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate means for the cutting of undulatory gaps, the figures showing the parts respectively in elevation and in plan view.-Fig. 12 shows part of a comb obtained with the device according to Figs. 10 and 1l.-In Fig. 13 another exemplication of means is shown for the cutting of undulatory tooth gaps-Figs 14', 15 and 16 are respectively sections through band-like cutting tools- In Figs. 17 to 21 means are shown for the use of circular sawing or milling knives or blades as cutting instrumentalities and Fig. 22 shows a comb obtained for instance by the use of the means according to Figs. 17 to 21.-Fig. 23 is a section through a circular knife-Fig. 24 is a `modiied form of construction of the device illuscutting means respectively in elevation and in plan view.,-Fig. 29 illustrates an individual lamellar guideg-Fig.v 30 illustrates another exempli- 'iication of the invention diagrammatically and in side view and Fig. 31 is another embodiment of the cutting arrangement in elevation with parts in section, and Fig. 32 illustrates a substantially band-like knife.

In the exemplication embodied in Figs. l to 3 a shaft 68 is journalled in a supporting frame or base 67 andA is shown provided with a crank arm 66 and crank pin 65 which by means of the link rod 64 and the pin 63 is adapted to vertically reciprocate the slide l0 which is guided along the pillars 20 and 21. Upon these pillars a plate 74 is secured which carries the frame 2 with the guiding lamellae 3for the knife 9. These guiding means serve also as support for the piece of work 18.v Between the ends of the guiding leaves or lamell 3 (compare Fig. 3) elastic or preferably resilient spacers 4 are arranged as for instance resilient or spring acting disks, rubber plates or other elastic means. It appears from Fig. 3 that the lamellae with the spacers 4 are rmly secured in position between stops 5 which are adjustable by means of screws 6 and 6a or similar means. It is possible by this arrangement to cause the distance between the rst and the last guiding blade or lamella to exactly correspond to the distance between the first and the' last teeth or depressions or grooves provided in the piece of work.

In Figs. 5 and 5a some modifications of this kind of supporting frame and of the spring acting spacin r means have been illustrated. In these gures showing the' lamelles on a greatly enlarged scale only 8 lamell are shown as an eX- empliication in order to save space, but it is obvious that a far greater number may be used, and the same applies to that part where five lamelle for coarse teeth are shown, while the other lamell are intended for iine indentation. In these spaces between the lamell for iine indentation the knives guided therein have been omitted, While in the spaces for coarse indentation substantially conical blades are shown. The first rive lamelles 3 at the left-hand part of the drawing are straight and the intermediate spacers 4c are curved in such a manner that they will be held between the lamell 3 under a certain tension lproduced by the compressing screws 6c shown on the left hand end of the' drawing. The sixth, seventh and eighth'lamell 3c for iine indentation are curved atv both ends Yin the direction oi the interposed spacing means 4 which this case may be straight and they are likewise tensionally engaged with each other. The lamella shown somewhat in the middle of the drawing and constituting the rst lamella `for coarse indentation is stationarily secured in the frame 2', in order to prevent the transmissionV of the pressure of the thicker spacers 4c produced by the right-hand compression screws 6 onto the spacing means for the thinner teeth or lamellae for fine indentation. Between the straight lamellae for coarse indentation curved spacers are provided and kept under tension. In the spaces between the lamelles for coarse indentation bevelled knives 9 for the production of bevelled tooth gaps are shown which are guided by the guiding lamell 3 for half oi? their width only. Whenever it is desired to the bevel .ed knives 9 for a larger portion oi their Width one may proceed by re placing one ordinary Ylamella by two lamell 3f of half the width of the ordinary lamell, these lamell being so positioned as to adapt themselves to the conical p rts of the knives 9 in such a manner that the ends oi the lamelle-e 3f may be curved with the insertion of curved or even straight spacing means. It is of course notnecessary to employ all the different .modifications illustrated in Fig. 5 on one and the same device it being, ci course, preferable to employ one kind oi operating means only.

It is evident that by the tightening or releasing oi ne pressurescrews 6, 6a the spaces between the laniell or thin blades may be varied, so that the desired rate of indentation may be controlled which corresponds to the distance from the first to the Ylast tooth of the comb.

" Fig. 5c. the curved and tensionally disposed -ng means scare arranged symmetrically in the left side group with relation to the lameil 3 with the advantage that the lamell are more 'tormly compressed thereby, To the right of this group two spacers se are shown possessing two curvatines. In a similar manner the spacing means or the lameli may possess any other conguration adapted to admit an elasticdeformaion at the points of engagement under pressure or they may consist of an elasticor resilient material, such as rubber for instance, and may then possess any desired shape.

In this connection it should be pointed out that elastic spacing means possess the important adiisv tween the lamell 3 serve for the guiding of the knives 9 which are secured at their lower ends to a support lla, and at their upper portions are fastened indirectly to the guide rods 69 which latter f are connected to the sliding member 10. The securing of these knives 9 is preferably also effected between adjustable stops as appears from Fig.

'7u and by the insertion of elastic spacing means between the several knives according to Fig. 3, so

as to cause the distances between the cutting knives to conform exactly or approximately to the preliminary impressed grooves indicating the teeth. Upon the lamelles 3 which are disposed in the frame 2 the comb rests with its lower side. The comb is retained from above by lamell 3o which extend between the knives and are supported at the rear side of the machine in the following manner. Two double-armed levers 91 are V`fu'lcru'med on the shaft 92 by means of supports V98 (Figs. 1 and 2).

The two levers 91 are connected to each other by a bar or the like 93 upon which a preferably somewhat resilient support 95 (Fig. 1) consisting for instance of soit copper, lead or of any suitable non-metallic substances such asfor instance leather, is disposed as a can rier for the lamellee These lamelles 3a. are also engaged by the shaft 92, so that as a result of a pressure upon the levers 91 in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 1) the lamelles are forced with their iront ends against the comb 18 by the upward movement of the connecting bar 93, while the shaft 92 remains in its relatively iixed position, soasto arrest and retain the comb dur'- ing the cutting operation. Between the lamellec Se and the shaft 92 elastic washers or insertion means may be arranged, as shown for instance in Fig. 31 ofthe drawing. Between the lamell 3d themselves vsimilar kind'srof elastic or resilient insertion pieces or spacers la may bevdisposed which are compressed by tensioning screws or the like 97 (Fig. l) in cams or the like 96 on a shaft 94 and which may consist of rubber or'the like, the action of the screws 97 upon the spacers.

lia resulting in producing the proper adjustment to conform to the preliminary impression in the piece of work corresponding to the teeth of the combs under treatment.

Although by proceeding in -this manner the lamellar guides which serve as support for the comb 18 as well as the lamelles 3a which serve for the depression off the comb are given their proper position for the correctguiding of the knives 9 during the cutting operation, still this arrangement is sometimes ynot sufciently accurate to avoid objectionable deviations particularly in view of the forces generated during the cutting of the tooth gaps which are liable to cause irregularitiesl In view thereof it will be advisable in certain cases of the treatment of blocks of working pieces with previously impressed teeth to employ the means hereinafter set forth, in order to insure the production of 'accurate gaps and teeth.

Such means areA shownA inl Fig. 4 of the draw-y ingswhich is a sectional representation on the line if-W of Fig. 1 and on an enlarged scale from which the retaining of the comb 18 between the lamelles 3 in the frame 2 and thelamell'ee 3a .in the depressing means can be seen. The lamelles 3 and 3a are constructed orarranged in such a manner that they'adrnit of lateral movement. This movement may for instance be readily provided for by effecting the mounting of the Ilamell by the Vuse or spring acting spacing means in the mannerhereinbefore described. This object may also be producedif the lamell are secured only at one of theirends'and are free to yield or to spring actingly move sideways in viewr of their elasticity. According to another modifica- `tion the lamelles are not stationarily arranged but are only-loosely secured, so that they may be laterally displaced for a'certain limited distance. Gther means may be used for this purpose or several of the Vmeans referred to may be used simultaneously with the result that the lamelles are vfree. to move laterally in the manner described, that is to say vertically with relation to their supporting plane. The lamelles are also provided at their sides kconfronting the comb 18 with notches or recesses 98 (Fig. 4) which become engaged with the f preliminarily impressed comb teeth and will become adjusted and conform to the configuration of these teeth, so that the said lamelles 3 and 3o encompass fand grip the preliminarily impressed teeth which become engaged with the recesses 98. Inasinuch as the knives-9 areguided below the comb between thelamellee 3 and above the comb between thelamelleev 3a, the knives 9 rare compelled to accurately cut the gaps betweenthe previously pressed teeth or ribs. In the exeinplincationdescribed the lamelle@ 3a are freely adjustable in this manner independently ofthe employment of elastic spacers 4a as a result of the elastic nature of the lamell themselves, inasmuch as they are secured at one side only. The same applies to the knives 9 which may also be secured at their ends by means of elastic spacing means. This arrangement however is not absolutely necessary with the embodiments of the invention as shown for instance in Figs. 1, i and 3l, inasmuch as with these arrangements the knives in view of their great length `are suil'iciently fiexiblejand freely movable even without special spacing means, so as to adapt themselves in the lateral direction to the position of the guiding lamell 3 and 3a.

1n order lto dispense with the,y for instance horizontal relative movement l'of the pieces of work and oftheband-knives with relation to each other inthe 'cutting of the tooth gaps and 'by the use of symmetrically arranged knives, that is to say by using knives ofthe same width, the

knives 9 are secured in position in such amanner that they extend ina direction Vforming yan angle with their direction of movement, as shown for instance in Fig. 1 of the drawings. They cutout the tooth gaps by a kind of punching movement during their descent. At the point 9b the cutting edge is interrupted or terminated or the cross-,section of the knives is reduced. This point 9b corresponds to the point where the cutting of thegap is to be terminated. As soon as this point 9b of the cutting tools has been moved sufficiently within the gap just produced the comb becomes disengaged or almostdisengaged from the cutting edge, sothat the comb is only loosely Vretained by the cutting means and may be readily detached therefrom after the raising vof the depressing lamelles 3a by'means of the lever-91,

or it may be easily ejected from the cutting device by simple instrumentalities not shown.

Another exemplication embodying means of cutting the gaps in one operation without relative movement of the piece oi work and of the band-knives in horizontal direction is illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 of the drawings. In this modi cation knives 9 are shown, the cutting edge 22 of which extends in a direction different from that or" the longitudinal axis oi the knives. By this means the same result will obviously be produced which is obtained by the inclined positioning of the band-knives 9 with parallel edges in Fig. l. The manner of operation is the same and the same parts as in the other iigures are indicated by the numerals used in Figs. 6 and 'l of the drawings. Ii the upper knife edges 142 of the recessed part 9c in Fig. '7 of the drawings has been moved somewhat below the comb at the termination oi the cutting action, the comb 18 becomes disengaged from the knives and be released without being interfered with by the knives. As appears from Figs. 7 and '70 the knives may be connected at their upper ends to the guide rods 69 and to the slide lll by the parts 60, 6l and 62, and at their lower ends by the parts ll, lla and 11b.

The form of construction o the knives 9 illustrated in Fig. 6 oi the drawings is particularly adapted among other purposes ior those kinds of applications of the invention in which it is desired to cut two combs in one operation with one cutting step of the device. For this purpose it would only be necessary for instance to make the knives 9 symmetrical as indicated by the dotted line 22a and to provide teeth the cutting edge 22a likewise. By combining knives oz? this arrangement with suitable means corresponding to the other side of the device an additional piece of work 18a may be supported at the other side of the knives 9, so that upon the descent or" the particular knife 9 in theV d'nection of the arrows 50 two combs may be cut in one operation.

`The modiiication oi' the knife shown in Fig. 5 possesses the additional advantage that it allows of the cutting of bevelled tooth gaps, that is to say of gaps in which the width oi the gaps increases towards the ends of the teeth, this object being attained in a very simple manner by this modification. Figs. Ga to 6d illustrate the sectional shape of the knives 9" 4for bevelled toothV gaps in different horizontal sectional planes. .As appears therefrom it will be sun.- cient to employ a band ci steel the cross sec.u tion of which corresponds somewhat to that shown in Fig. 6a, aside from the undercut forniation of the edge. With knives 9 of this conguration bevelled tooth gaps be obtained.V

The serrated cutting edge 22 of a bevelled Vknife of this kind will out a bevelled gap without lateral teeth, because the thickest part of the cutting edge cuts iirst and thereafter the cutting edge and te .cutting teeth and thecut gap are gradually becoming narrower, as the cutting operation proceeds. The same result may however also be produced with knives such as shown for instance in Fig. l, but in that the advantage could not be utilized of producing these kves from bevelled rolled steel bands, if lateral teeth are to be avoided. In thatV case the entire cutting portion oi' the band-knives may .be bevelled by grinding in the upward direction. In the modincation shown in Figs. 6, 6a etc. it is surricient to cut away part of the material so as to produce a bevelled cutting edge of gradually in creasing thickness.

From an inspection of Fig. 6 another important improvement will appear. The teeth of the cutting edge which are intended to cut the last portion of the gap, for instance the teeth at the point indicated by the letter a in Figs. 1 and 6 may be rounded, for example of semi-circular shape. In View thereof the base of the tooth gap becomes semi-circularly shaped without it being necessary to round on" all the other teeth of the cutting knives.v

Instead of the arrangement or" the upper frame 2a for the upper guiding lamell illustrated in Fig. 7, it is of course also possible to employ lamellar guides 3o.'. in the arrangement Aaccording to Fig. 1 with the advantage that the piece of work may be easily inserted and withdrawn and that it remains exposed and visible duringv the cutting operation.

It is oi course advisable to provide coupling means or known construction for the purpose of interrupting the operation of the driving means oi the machine after the termination of an operating stroke, that is to say, after the cutting of a comb. This interruption may for instance be effected in the lowest position of the knives immediately aiter the termination of the cutting operation; or the machine is arrested only after the knives have been returned to their highest initial position. It has already. been mentioned heretofore that it is alwaysV preferable to have the knives substantially in their lowestposition with a View of raising the de# pressing lamelles and of ejecting the piece of work. It is also within the scope of the invention to provide suitable automatically acting ejectors for this purpose. If the operation of the machine is interrupted in the lowest position, it will of course also be necessary to arrest the machine after the following upward stroke, in order to be able to insert a fresh piece of work. In the modified construction according to Fig. 9 the mounting of a plurality of guiding lamell 3 between curved side walls 'l has been shown in plan View. The curvature ofV these side walls corresponds to the shape oi the arc which is formed by the feet ci the teeth in many kinds of combs. The arc-shaped modification of the device according to Fig.. 9 would for instance be of advan tage for the cutting of combs such as has been illustrated for instance in Fig. 8 of the drawings. In an analogous manner the upper guiding lamellas may also be secured in position, it being of importance in each case that the knives are secured between arc-shaped bounding pieces 60, 3 2 as shown in Fig. 7a by which means the important result is produced that with one set of knives of the same shape and size it is possible to out teeth gaps without any additional auxiliary means the feet or starting points of which are arranged on an arcuate line. This curved arrangement may be adapted to the required conditions and-may for instance be in the shapeoi a double arc. By the einploymentoi cutting tools constructed in the manner of band-knives by means of which the gaps are out out in a single stroke similar to the actuation of the needle-like instrumentalities for the formation of grooves it is possible to also manufacture undulatory tooth gaps. Two devices or" this kind with the comb produced thereby are shown as an exemplication in Figs. 10 to 13.' In this exemplication knives may be used with preference such as are shown for instance in Figs., 6 and 'l of the drawings. WithV this kind of knife thatjpart of the cutting edge 22 which extends at an angle-to the vertical direction is curved, so as to present an undulatory line in the vertical projection. In this manner it is possible to produce wave-like or undulatory gaps 31, as shown inA Fig. 12. As appears from Fig. 11 the guiding lamellS of the support for the piece of work underY operation andalso the lamell or the depressionof the piece of work should be of undulatory shape to correspond to the wave-like formation of the gaps to be produced. In Fig. 11 only one knife 9 and in Fig. 12- onlyA three tooth gaps with the corresponding knives and guides have been illustrated with a view ofsimplifying the drawing, but it is obvious that this exemplication of the kinvention may likewise be provided withl a sufli-l cient number of knives to allow oiall the gaps of the combto be cut inA one operation. The` arrow the cuttingof the teeth isnished upon the descent oI the knifethe knife 9 moves in the direction of the dot-and-dash arrow, the upper edge' 17 ofthe knife moving in thismanner with relation to,l comb 18. If the knife 9 andthe lamellae3 are undulatory similar to: what is shown in Figs.

y 10iand'11, in order toicut undulatory gaps, the

' sayby means of straight or conical knives. In Fig; i

axes of the waves mustlbe parallel to the dot-andda'shgarrow direction of the relativemovement of theknife edge 1,'7 with relationV to the comb: 18. Inj therepresentationl of the knife; 9 in this Figure 1'35a shading is shown which is intended to indicate the direction of the waves. Ity should however be pointed out that the device according to Fig.v 13 is also adaptedy to cut straight teeth with knives without undulatory parts, that isv to 13 the spacing blocks 4 are not used as rear supportsfor the knives as hasbeen shownin Figs. 6j and 9, out rollers 140 are employed in the modification ofv Fig. 13; The kindV offback support referred to is entirely dispensed .with in the case-.of parallel knives asshown forv instance in Figs. 1, and131. The depression. unitY is not shownin Fig. 13. I l

In each case it is of advantageY and sometimesv evennecessary to undercut the cutting tools at4 the rearof the cutting edge. The knives accorde ing to Figs. 14 and 15 are provided with two cuttingedges' (in accordance with thel exemplication of Fig. 1) in order to be able to use both edges or Ato usethe second edge after they rst one has been usedrup. Fig. 164 is a section through a band-knife with only one cutting edge 22; The undercut part is indicated at 172 in all of these igures;y This arrangement accomplishes the known purpose of reducing the thickness.` ofk the cutting edge 22 directly to the rear of the edge and.

it produces the additional advantage that the knives will not rub withtheir entire surface upon the cut out teeth during the cutting operation,

so that by this means undesired heating, packing and squeezing,y and other undesirable strains. are

avoided; y

Bythe employment of circularknives, that is tosay circularv saws orv millingzknives as acutting v ings.

tool for rgreatmasses of working pieces it is only possible AVto manufacture straight or bevelledgaps,

the bevelled gaps-being produced bya correspond,-

ingly bevelledconfiguration of thepcircular knives 'guiding lamella 3 andA 3a willy not guide the bevelled circular saws upon the laterally indented part ot the circular knives, but only at those places which the lateral indentation ceases. The' manufacture of undulatory tooth, gaps cannotbe effected by means of circular knives. In many cases however the-employment of circular knives isofgreat advantage in View ofthe factrthat they make it possible by their infinitely long cutting edge to cut the tooth gaps with shorter chips.` This is a point of ladvantage in the cutting of 'tooth gapsrin material that can only be cut with difficulty, but in many other cases also; Moreover thisv arrangement saves more space than in the caseV of; band-shaped knives. The employment of a plurality oi circular saws mounted on a. common shaft for the cutting of the` gapsf of a comb; simultaneously in one` operation or for,

the purpose of cutting the'gaps in groups hasl been' suggested in the prior` art-butthese sugges tions fail to produce satisfactory results mainly on account or the fact that'withl theprevious arrangementsiit. was neglected toprovide for the necessity of an exact guidingof .eachindividual circular knife in accordance with thisinvention; The speed of rotation of the circularknivesshould be sufficiently low to avoid injurious heating4 of the circular knives and of the guiding lamell and of the comb itself.

in Figsl'? to 24 a modified construction of.

each otherV by means ofscompressible spacing,r disks or,- washers`103; for instance of rubber, andr are securedin position by thev hub.- 123` and .theu

threaded ring 127. The outer edges of thel circular saws 100 Which'are adapted for thecuttingy out of straight orof parallel toothigaps` project into the spaces between the lamellae 3 and 3a.

`whichare arranged and constructed so as ,to serve as supports and as-depressing means for the comb: 18, and are l guidedjin'this manner. The guiding 'ofY the circular sawsor vmilling .knivesrjin the previously determined cutting plane Aorv 'approximately in this plane may be assisted-by the use of additional guiding lamellee .104 and .105, so

that the circular sawsare guided at three .points l of their periphery. With this kind ofarrangement the spacers 103 may be entirely dispensed so that the circular saws 100 maybe freely displaceable in the axial direction upon the shaft lill and are only retained in,v their cutting plane by means of thelamell 3, 3a', 104 and 105. Y'Obviously it is possible to usek only oneor more than guiding devices 104 and 105 shown in thedraw- Thus,l it has' forA instance been assumedin Fig. 18 that only one additional guiding device 104i,` arranged diametrically with relation to the guidingr lamell 3, Sal

Upon'the base plate l a frame 2X is displaceably two guiding devices instead of the twoadditional disposed in whichl the guiding lamelles 3 are arranged between which spacing means 4 are arranged which are preferably of resilient material such as for instance rubber washers, curved metal disks or the like. which are forced against each other by the screws 6, 6a (Fig. 18). Moreover a cover plate 124 is provided (Fig. 17). Upon the frame plate 2U,X (Figs. 17- and 20) a shaft 92 is mounted by means of the supporting block 123. This shaft carries two levers 91 which are connected to each other by a cross bar 93. Upon this cross bar 93 a support 95 is mounted which is preferably made of resilient yieldable material such as for instance leather upon which the lamell 3a (Figs. 17 and 20) are adapted to rest. These lamelles 3c are laterally retained by the screws 112 passing through the angle pieces 113 (Fig. 20) upon which a cross connection 114 with an intermediate layer or washer 94 is arranged. Between the spacers 3a there are preferably arranged additional elastic spacers 4a of the same kind as the spacers 4 (Figs. 17, 19 and 20).

Between the lamelles 3 and 3a in Fig. 17 the comb 18 to be cut is disposed which is retained in position by the edges of the edgewise disposed lamelles 3 and 3a and is secured against displacement by a rear support 125. The front edges of the lamelles 3, 3a at the points engaging the comb and retaining it between them are provided with oppositely directed projections 3g. A clamp 108 with screws 111 for the lamelles 3a and a clamp 109 with screws 110 for the lamell 3 impart a certain position to the outer lamelles in the vicinity of the circular saw for the purpose of guiding the two outermost circular saws. For the same purpose the screws 126 are provided for the lamellee 104 (Fig. 18) at the right-hand side of the circular saws. lamelles correspondingly stiff and thick as shown for instance in Fig. 18 with regard to the two terminal lamelles 3i. This kind of reinforcement of the outer lamell is moreover advisable in connection with all the other exemplications of the invention, that is to say for those exemplifications also in which band-knives or punching or cutting dies are employed and generally speaking, wherever the guiding lamell are not secured in a frame and encompassing them on all sides. Thus, the use of such reinforced terminal lamell would for instance be of advantage in the depressing means according to Fig. 1 or in accordance with the arrangement of Fig. 31 hereinafter referred to.

The forcing down of the upper lamelles 3a in Fig. 17 upon the comb 18 may for instance be effected by means of a tensional spring 120 (Figs. 17 and 20) which is suspended from the pin 121 and is secured in position by this pin and the pin 122 and the center line of which, as appears from Fig. 17 in the operating position of the device herein shown, passes on the right side of the center of the axis of oscillation of the shaft 92 to the point 117. In this position the spring 120 will therefore have a tendency to force the lamell 3a downwards in the direction towards the lamelles 3, s o as to securely retaink the comb 18 inserted between them. By swinging the lever 91 towards the left in Fig. 17 the center line of the tensional spring 120 is shifted towards the point 118 so that it will now be positioned to the left of the center of the shaft 92 so that the levers 91 will stop in this terminal position likewise as a result of the pull of this spring. In this terminal position the lamelles 3a are lifted off from the It is preferable to make the outer comb 18, Vso that the indented comb may be withdrawn and a new comb inserted for treatment.

This automatic depressing or lowering means or equivalent depressing or retaining means for securing the depressing means upon the piece of work during the cutting operation is preferably employed wherever the comb is clamped between the lamelles during the cutting operation.

The reciprocating movement of the comb support and of the depressing means with relation to the circular saws is for instance effected by means of a cam 116 acting upon the driving shaft 115 which is engaged with the frame plate 2a which latter plate is displaceable along the guides 130 on the base plate 1 (Fig. 20). Evidently however it is also possible to use other guiding means employed in connection with machine -tools which are adapted to produce for instance a slow advancing feed towards the circular saws and a rapid return. It is also possible to advance the shaft 101 of the circular saws during the cutting operation of the teeth in the direction towards the piece of work 18 or to rock the shaft in this direction instead of moving the comb support and the depressing means. For this purpose the arrangement may for instance be such that the supporting means 129 may be displaceably or rockably mounted upon the base plate v1 and may be provided with a corresponding driving device. It is possible moreover to move both parts of the device, that is tol say the comb support as well as the circular saws with relation to each other during the cutting operation. In every case'it is of importance that the circular saws 100 and v the comb 18 should only be moved relatively to each other to an extent which is determined by the depth of the gaps to be cut.

The circular saws may be of equal diameter, whenever the feet or starting points of the teeth are arranged in alignment with sach other. The diameters are of different length as shown in Fig. 18 when the feet or starting points of the teeth are arranged along an arc as also shown in Fig. 22. The circular knives are preferably laterally ground so as to be undercut as sho-wn for instance in Fig. 23 in two different modifications at 131 and 132.

The arrangement shown in Figs. 17 to 20 is particularly well adapted for the treatment of blocks with-previously impressed teeth for combs in such cases where the lamelles 3 and 3a are provided with recessed parts 98 upon their narrow sides facing the comb 18, as shown for instance .in the sectional view Y-X of Fig. 17 which is The L illustrated on an enlarged scale in Fig. 2l. arrangement of elastic or resilient distance pieces 4, 4a between the lamelles 3, 3a and the adjustable stops 5 and 112 for the lamelles make it possible in the manner hereinbsfore described to adjust the distance between the first and last guiding lamella before the beginning of the treatment and so as to exactly correspondto the distance between the first and last tooth of the piece of raw material to be treated. The same applies however for the cutting knives also, whenever g vcular saws.

thispossibility of accurate adjustment Vfor. the lamell 3 and 3a :In view ofthe insertion of the elastic intermediate and spacing pieces 4 and 4d. In theV form of construction herein shown the lamellze 3 and 3a possess a laterally spring actingr Y cutting point they are forced to exactly c ut out the gaps between the previously impressed teeth of the comb. Y

In Fig.r24 an instrumentality is shown in which the comb retainingmeans are swingingly or collapsibly arranged for the purpose of facilitating the insertion and removal-of the pieces of work. For this purpose the frame plate 2a', instead ol being displaceable upon the base plate 1, is rockably mounted in eyes. 134 of an intermediate plate 2b by means of studs or bolts 133, this intermediate plate being dsplaceably Amounted on the ,base plate 1. In this arrangement it is also possible toconnect the plate 2a. to the base plate 1 in such a manner as to beV directly rockable thereupon, in which case the shaft 101 of the circular saws of the supports 129 thereof maybe displace- `ably or rockably mounted.

In the disengaging movement of the depressing` and retaining lamell 3a from the comb 18 in Fig. 17 theplarnella in the event of a correspondlngly large elevating movement `may be moved out of engagement with the circular saws.

Ifthe comb support in theupward rocking movement illustrated in Fig.r24 ,isY moved sufliciently, the lamell 3a alone or 3 and 3a willrbecome disengaged from the circular saws guided thereby. During this disengaging positionv there lis a;

liability of slight relative displacementsof the saws 100 taking place with relation to the guiding lamell particularly in case elastic insertion pieces 103 have not been placedbetween the cir- In such cases there would be the danger that, when the'lamellee 3 and 3a are moved back, the edges of the lamell would become engaged with the cutting edges of the circular saws/100. In order to avoid this diniculty it is of importance to chamfer off the lower front edges of the lamellze 3 and 3a in the manner shown for instance at 3h in Fig. 17 of the drawings. Another possibility of overcoming this diniculty is shown in Fig. 24, where the supporting Y lamelles 3 at their front edges are provided with downwardly ,directed curved projections 141 which are constantly retained in engagement with the circular saws.

It is of course advisable to arrest the circular saws during the exchanging of the comb.

It should be pointed out that, particularly in the case of cutting combs with impressed ribs indicating the teeth, the guidng of the circular saws is mainly effected by the guiding lamellae 3 and 3a. The function of the additional guiding the saw disks for reasons of lack of space and onk account of other manufacturing purposes. It results therefrom that under ordinary conditions the guidesl04and105 wjll be so adjusted that the .individual saw blades are guidedbetween them Y somewhat more freely so asto allow them to ycon- Y form without difiiculty to the delicate adjustmentl by means of the lamelles 3 and 3a.

It may also be pointed Vout in this connection that the guiding devices 104 and 105 are not absolutely necessary and that they may be dispensed with wherever the device is arranged in such a manner that a set 'of circular saws is centrally disposed lbetween two or more comb retaining means. In this case the circular saw blades would vbe satisfactorily guided by the guiding lamelles 3 and 3a of the existing comb supports at severalv points of their periphery. An arrangement of this kind may for instance comprise aset of circular 'saws and two comb'supportng means arranged in horizontal alignment with relation to each other.

'Another modiiied construction of the means for eifecting the simultaneous cutting of a great number of gaps andsubstantially operating in a manner similar to dies and punching tools is shown in Fig. 25 of the drawings. The knives 19,

which operate .somewhat like cutting dies are provided. with shouldered projections 19 by means of which they4 are continuously guided.. particularly from the beginning of the cutting operation in the gaps between the supporting lamelles 3. The guiding` lamell above thejcomb in this modification, instead of serving as depressing means or the comb are only intended y to serve as knife guiding means and as a strikeoff for the comb 18, but it is obvious, of course, that the guiding lamell 3a above the comb 18 may also be constructed to serve as ldepressing, means.

The shoulder-like projecting parts 10 required to` be guided between the supporting lamelles 3 only during the cutting operation itself, but it isY of course admissible and may sometimes even be. of advantage to allow them to remain in permanent engagement with the supporting lamell. In this manner the principle of thisinvention is realized by means of the cooperation of thel guiding shoulders 10 with the lamellae 3, so that' the cutting Vtool is accurately guided during its "U instability of, the supporting and depressing lamelles after the preliminary impression in the case of using the crude block with previously impressedindications for the teeth.

In Fig. 26 and in accordance with the arrangement of the` stationary'lamella 3d in Fig. 5 there is illustrated an arrangementfof groups of comparativelythick circular saws 100e and of thick spacing disksl 103e intermediate these saws and of another group of thin circular saws with thin' spacing disks 103. The shaft 101 is provided with a shoulder 101e againstv which the last thick circular sax-v 100e is adapted to rest, so that the pressure produced by the tensioning nuts 127 is prevented Yfrom being transmitted from the thick spacing disks lOSato the thin spacing disks 103,

rwhich is of advantage in the case of elastic spacing disks. In this case likewise only a small number of circular. saws has been shown as compared with what is ordinarily used in practical operation.

In Fig. 27 I have shown in elevation and in Fig. v28 in plan view and in horizontal section through the knives 9X a modined construction in whichA instead of using a plurality of knife guiding means comprising al series; of lan'iellae arranged side by side of each other a guiding device is employed situated below and above comb 18 and comprising steel plates 144 and 145 in which there are slotted guides for the guiding of the knives, as shown for instance by the guide slots 8 in Fig. 28. This form of construction is particularly adapted for cutting combs without previously impressed tooth gaps. In accordance with Fig. 28 the knife guides 144 and 145 need not necessarily serve as support for the comb 18. In this modication the comb at its rear part is clamped in a known manner and similar to the action of a pair of tongs between the members 148 and 149. Member 148 is ixed on the plate 147 and the member 149 is rotatably mounted on the member 148 by means" of the pivot 146.

In Fig. 29 a shape of lamelles is shown in edgewise view which does not require any special spacing members inasmuch as this lamella is integral with the spacing member.

In Fig. 30 the same reference numerals indicate parts equivalent to those described. The support for the knives 9X is indicated at 41. In this modification the knives are similar to those described with reference to Fig. 1, possessing longitudinal edges which are likewise inclined with relation to their direction of movement indicated by the arrow 50. There is that difference however over Fig. 1 that the knife support 41 is not guided exactly in the vertical direction, but at an angle with relation to the vertical direction, this result being accomplished by the engagement of pivots 42 of the support 41 with inclined guide slots 44 of the frame or support 43.

The knives shown in Figures 36, 6, 7, 13, 31 and 32 are provided at their upper end with a recess 9c which is of such a size with relation to the depth of the tooth gap produced that the knives 9X' after the termination of the cutting procedure will become completely disengaged from the cut comb, so that the comb may be easily removed or may be withdrawn by being blown off by compressed air. The same recess 9c may also be used without diiiiculty in connection with knives intended for the machine according to Fig. 1. A somewhat similar form of knife is also shown in the exemplication of Figs. 31 and 32. Y

The form of construction corresponding to Fig. 31 is similar to the exemplication of the machine according to Fig. 1 the differences residing mainly in the shape of the knife, inasmuch as the recess 9c for one of the cutting edges is provided at the other end of the knife and on the other side of the knife opposite the cutting edge carrying the recess 9c. With this arrangement it is necessary to interchange the upper and lower ends of the knives, whenever it is desired to use the knives with the second cutting edge. The recessed portions 9c may also be provided at the same end of the knife as appears for instance from Fig. 32, but the modification according to Fig. l admits of manufacturing knives from a somewhat narrower steel band. The. cutting edges of the knife are serrated. lines in Fig. 32 which extend at the distance a from each other indicate the width of the undercut part of the knife.

In Fig. 3l there is shown the combination with means to advise the operator of the termination of the cutting procedure and to cause him to raise the depressing means, in order to withdraw or to eject the comb, before the band knives V9y return to their initial position. This object is accomplished by providing the guide rods 69 or one of them by means of a bracket 160 with an The two thin adjustable arresting stud 161 which at the endv of the working stroke strikes against a corresponding stopping surface 162 of a lever 91 and thereby starts the upward movement of the depressing lamell 3a and which may be so arranged as to positively move these lamelles for a sufficient amount to allow of the nnished comb being removed or ejected. The modiiication of Fig. 31 shows moreover the additional feature that in the depressing means according to 1 the outer portions of the lamell 3a directly before the knives may be connected to each other by a bolt or stud 163. In this construction spacers 4a may also be arranged between the lamelles 3a, these spacers being either elastic or being somewhat narrower than the proper distance of the lamell from each other which corresponds to the width of the gaps. In this Ycase the lamell are also free to become adjusted in conformity with the previously impressed teeth, but lthe spacers or distance pieces will reliably obviate the occurrence of appreciable errors in the position of the front ends of the depressing lamellae.

It has already been pointed out that an automatic arrangement may be provided for the ejec- 1 tion of the comb after the termination of the cutting procedure. The ejection of the comb may for instance be effected by means of compressed air. The operation of the cock of a compressedair conduit may for instance be effected at about l the deepest position of the knives by stops in a similar manner as has been indicated in Fig. 31 for the raising of the depressing means, that is to say, by means of a stopping screw or the like 161 and stop 162. Y l

As shown in Fig.v 31, lever arm 91 opposite the stop 162 can be connected by means of a rod 263 with a valve 264 provided in the inlet-pipe 265 for the compressed air. Pipe 265 terminates in a nozzle 266 underneath the comb. As soon as the l adjustable stop 161 hits against stop 162 after the completion of the cutting operation, lever arm 91 is shifted and the depressing means is raised resulting in the opening of valve 264. The comb is now ejected by the compressed air.

The use of compressed air, aside from its use for the ejection of the comb is also of advantage for the purpose of removing the chips produced in the cutting of the tooth gaps, because it is undesirable to have the chips remain within the l frequently very small interstices between the several knives and lamelles, which would cause sticking, clamping and other inconveniences.

With a view of showing the great adaptability of this invention the same has been shown and described herein in variousembodiments of its principles, but it should be understood that the invention admits of further modifications and changes, in accordance with the demands of the trade andv working conditions, without any departure from the principles of the invention.

1. A comb making device comprising in combination, sets of lower substantially blade shaped spacedly disposed guiding meansk arranged on l edge and sets of upper spacedly disposed and substantially blade shaped guiding means -arranged on edge, means adapted to'move the upper and lower guiding means with relation to and from each other, so as to retain of work therebetween, a plurality of parallel spacedly disposed cutting means alternating with and movable between said guiding means, and in engagement therewith and moving means for d the cutting means. f

the piece C- f2. Acomb'rifiaking device comprising afplurality of parallel, spacedly disposed guiding means and a plurality of parallel, spacedly disposed, guiding means above the other guiding means and movable toward and. away fromA the former means, parallel spacedly disposed. cutting members simultaneously movable .between said guiding means and engageable therewith, and means to adjust and x the distance betweenA the individual guiding means and between said cutbination, a plurality of substantially grate-V shaped, resilient supporting units and .aplurality of substantially grate-shaped resilient lamellar depressing units, means to move said supporting units and' said depressing units into clamping relation with eachother so as to retain pieces of work between them, distance-controlling and xing means upon and of said units and into engagement with the work,

and moving means for said cutting means..

5. A comb making device comprising in combination a plurality of parallel, spacedly disposed, substantially blade-shaped and supporting means for the work and constituting a supporting unit, a

Iplurality of another series of spacedly disposed substantially.blade-shaped and supporting means for the work and constituting a depressing unit and in alignment withthe other unit, working material between the units and engageable there- Awith, securing means for each ofsaid unitsfat.

the ends thereof opposite the engaging units, cutting means movable between the blade-shaped parts of said units and guided thereby, distancecontrolling and 'fixing means between and side- .ways of the blade-shaped parts of the units, and

moving means-for said cutting means.

6. A comb making device comprisingincombination, a plurality of parallel, spacedly disposed resilient, substantially blade-shaped guiding ,i means constituting a work-supporting unit, a

plurality 'of another' series of parallel, spacedly disposed resilient, substantially blade-shaped guiding means, constituting a depressing unit and above the supporting unit 1 and in alignment therewith to clamp working material between t -e supporting unit and said depressing unit, moving means operatively engaging certain of said units and causing them to engage the working material at one of their ends, clamping means at the ends of one or both of said units opposite the materiali engaging ends, elastic, indented gripping members at the opposite, material-engaging ends of the units, and cutting means movably guided between the parts of said units.`

7. A comb making device comprising in combination, two digitated, spacedly recessed worksupporting units, resilient confrontingly aligning and indented work-gripping terminal portions on said units to receive a substantially p'arallelly lfluted piece of work between said units and enbetween the parts of said'` units, cutting means guided `between the parts gageable With-the indented. portions thereof, and

cutting meansmovable within the recessed parts of saidunits.- Y

8. A comb making device comprising in combination, two substantially grate-shaped workengaging. units, movable with relation to each other to clamp a piece oi work adapted to be engaged by and between said units and elastic compressible spacers in the krecessed partsA of said units, compression-controlling and fixing `means on. said units, .and-cutting means guided in the recessed parts of said units. Y

9. A. comb making device comprising in Vcom bination, substantially grate-shaped work-engaging units, substantially endwisemovable into work-gripping engagement, substantially grateshaped cutting means,guided within-the recessed parts of said work-engaging` units, moving means for the l cutting means, elastic compressible spacers inthe recessed parts of the cutting means, and compression-controlling and Ifixing meanson'said cuttingmeans.

10. A comb makingdevicecomprising in combination, substantially grate-shaped guiding units, terminalwork-engaging means disposed on said units, band-like cuttingA means guided insaid units and means on said cutting means imparting ,amovement to said cutting means in a directionforming an angle with the cutting edges of said cutting means.

11. A comb making devicecomprising in combination, substantially grate-shaped, endwise work-grippingand aligning guiding units, and

edgewise longitudinally iluted band-like cutting means guided insaid units.

l2. A comb' makingdevice comprising incombination, :substantially grate-shaped, endwise work-gripping and aligning guiding units, upwardly reciprocable 'band-like vcutting means guided in 'said units, and moving means forvimparting to "said cutting means a movement in a direction forming an angle with the cutting edges offsaid cutting means, to permit .cutting of the vteethv of the comb with one'stroke.

`13. A comb making dev1ce comprising in combination, substantially grate-shaped work-gripping and aligning guiding units,V a'substantially curve-shaped cutting unit its curve corresponding `to the shape of the arc formed at the base of the teethof the comb, said unit comprising a' plurality" of parallel and spacedly disposed cutting'blades, and means to move said blades between the recessed parts of the guiding units.

14. A comb making device comprising in combination, substantially grate-shaped, curve-forming and aligningly disposed work-gripping guiding units, their curve corresponding to the arc formed atrthe base of the teeth of the comb, said units comprising a plurality of parallel spacedly and' edgewise disposed guiding lamellee, and a plurality of parallel, spacedly disposed inter-connected cutting blades corresponding to the arrangement of the guiding lamelles and guided in the interstices thereof. l y

l5. A comb making device comprising in combination, grate-shaped guiding units, movable into work-engaging contact with each other-and comprising sets or" differently spaced guiding grates and .substantially unyielding, separating and confining means between said sets and resilient spacing means in the recesses of said guiding grates and cutting means movably guided in the'recessed portions of said guiding units.

16. A- comb making device comprising a pluralityof Vsubstantially elastic parallel, spacedly 4 by a current of compressed iluid.

disposed guiding means, retaining means for said guiding means, elastic compressible spacing means inserted between said guiding means, cutting means movably guided between said guiding means and intermediate said spacing means, Work-retaining means cooperating with said guiding means, and compression-controlling means cooperating with said guiding means.

17. A comb making device comprising in combination, substantially grate-shaped and aligning guiding means, a base on which said guiding means are rockingly disposed, cutting means guided within said guiding means, and elastic compressible spacing means in the recessed portions of said guiding means and intermediate said cutting means.

18. A comb making device comprising in combination, a plurality of inter-connected, parallelly spaced edgewise disposed substantially resilient blade-like members constituting a work-supporting unit and a plurality of inter-connected, parallelly spaced and edgewise disposed blade-like members constituting a Work-depressing unit above said supporting unit, a rocking lever carrying said depressing unit, and cutting means projectingly guided in the recessed portions of said work-supporting and work-depressing units.

19. A comb making device comprising in combination, afsubstantially grate-shaped Work-supporting unit and a substantially grate-shaped work-depressing unit aligningly engageable therewith, cutting means guided in the recessed portions of said units, and automatically op erated means for removing the piece of work at the end of the cutting operation. f

20. A comb making device comprising in combination, a substantially grate-'shaped work-supporting unit and a substantially grate-shaped work-depressing unit aligningly engageable therewith, cutting means guided in the recessed portions of said units, and compressed-duid ad-` mitting and discharging means adapted to bel operated'substantially at the end of the stroke of said cutting means to remove the piece of work 21. A comb making device comprising in combination, a-substantially grate-shaped work-supporting unit and substantially lgrate-shaped work-depressing unit Yaligning-ly engageable therewith, upwardly reciprocablev cutting means guided in the recessed portions of said units, moving means for at least one of said units,

moving means for the cutting means, and com-Y pressed-fluid operated removing means associated with said guiding units and adapted to remove the cutting chips from between the gaps of the piece of work.

22. vA comb making device, comprising a substantially grate-shaped work-supporting unit and a substantially grate-shaped work-depressing unit aligningly engageable therewith,V upwardly reciprocable cutting means guided in the recessed portions of said units and reduced beyond its Cutting edge so as to release, and permit the removal of, the work, the cutting of which is performed within one stroke.

23. A comb making device, comprising a` substantially grate-shaped work-supporting` unitY and a Substantially grate-shaped work-depressing unit aligningly engageable therewith, upwardly reciprocable cutting means guided in the recessed portions of-said units and shouldered beyond its cutting edge so as to release, and permit the removal of, the work, the cutting of which is performed within one stroke.

24. A comb making device, comprising substantially grate-shaped work-gripping and aligning guiding units, upwardly reciprocable band-like cutting means guided in the recessed portions -of said units, the thickness of the cutting edge gradually decreasing in order to cut convergent tooth gaps, and moving means for said cutting means.

25. A comb making device, comprising a plurality of parallel, spacedly disposed, substantially blade-shaped guiding means constituting a worksupporting unit, a plurality of another series of parallel, spacedly disposed, substantially bladeshaped guiding means, constituting. a depressing unit disposed above said supporting unit and in alignment therewith, to clamp the teeth of the working materialbetween said supporting unit and said depressing unit, and cutting means movably guided between the parts of said units.

-' Y CARL TOBER; 

